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習(xí)近平外交思想系列報(bào)道
代表作1:
原文:
China helping world to create shared future
By CAO DESHENG
President Xi's Thought on Diplomacy has opened new vistas, achieved new progress
Editor's note: Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is the fundamental guideline for China's diplomatic work in the new era. China Daily is publishing a series of stories to examine how Xi's proposals have become internationally accepted and made great contributions to world peace and human progress.
When Brenda Kazule returned to Zambia after completing her master's degree at the Institute of South-South Cooperation and Development at Peking University in June of last year, she had a thick book in her unwieldy baggage.
Kazule, a traditional-affairs officer from Muchinga province, said the book - Xi Jinping: The Governance of China - is important to her because it gave her insights about China's development as well as the governance of the world's most populous country by the Communist Party of China, and she wanted to share it with her colleagues.
Since Xi Jinping was elected as general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in November 2012 and president of China in March 2013, the country's diplomacy has opened new prospects and achieved new progress.
The book is a collection of several dozen speeches and essays by Xi on a variety of topics. It interprets the concepts and principles of the top CPC leadership's governance and also helps foreign people better understand China's development path, its domestic and foreign policies and responses to international concerns about the country.
Kazule said what impressed her most about the book was the country's targeted poverty-reduction policy and Xi's vision on building a community with a shared future for mankind.
If poverty alleviation efforts aim to solve a problem in China, the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind paints a picture of the whole world working together for common development and prosperity - as in a global village, where all countries have a common destiny, she said.
"China continues to promote the exchange and sharing of China's experience in development-oriented poverty alleviation in an effort to join other countries in implementing the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and building a community with a shared future for mankind, where people are freed from poverty and can achieve common development," Kazule added.
When Xi visited the United Nations Office in Geneva in January 2017, he delivered a keynote speech, Work Together to Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind. In the speech, he called for building an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity, and he explained how countries can build such a community.
The vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind, together with the idea of building a new type of international relations featuring fairness, justice and win-win cooperation, is the overarching goal of the nation's major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.
Li Xiangyang, president of the National Institute of International Strategy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said there remains an insufficient level of democracy in the existing global governance system, and Xi's vision tries to provide a solution to problems in existing multilateral mechanisms.
At a time when the international system is challenged by unilateralism and protectionism, there is an urgent need to improve the global governance system based on the principle of joint contributions for benefits shared by all, Li said, adding that Xi's vision serves as guidance for that purpose.
The vision sees countries forging partnerships in which they treat each other as equals and engage in mutual consultation and understanding, and create a security architecture that features fairness, justice, joint contribution and shared benefit.
In addition, the vision calls on countries to promote open, innovative and inclusive development that benefits all, increase exchanges between civilizations to enhance harmony, inclusiveness and respect of differences, and build an ecosystem that puts nature and green development first.
"These five aspects, taken together, constitute the overall approach to creating a community with a shared future for mankind, depict a bright future for the progress of international relations and represent a major innovation in the theory of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics," wrote Wang Yi, state councilor and foreign minister, in an article posted on the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Over the years since Xi proposed the vision in 2013, China has been working to find ways to make it happen. Even as a "zero-sum game" mindset and "winner-takes-all" strategies prevail, China is showing the world that the real story of business is not black or white, and win-win results can be realized.
As some Western countries move backward by erecting "walls", China is working hard to build "bridges" by promoting multilateralism for open and inclusive development, analysts said.
Jin Canrong, a professor of international studies at Renmin University of China, wrote in an article that common development, universal security and shared governance are key elements of the new type of international relations, while a community with a shared future calls for equality, mutual respect, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation among nations.
The Belt and Road Initiative has been a platform for building the community with a shared future for mankind and also a new path to improve global governance and increase mutual understanding between different civilizations.
By the end of July, 136 countries and 30 international organizations had signed cooperation agreements with China on jointly building the Belt and Road.
Miguel Angel Sanchez, general secretary of the Colombian Liberal Party, said the strategic purpose of the BRI is to align with China's development strategy, with participating countries achieving high-level, high-quality cooperation so as to improve people's livelihoods.
It does not mean building an independent bloc with China at its center, but rather, it aims to secure common development while respecting cultural diversities, Sanchez added.
China has made it clear that it strives to develop by upholding and maintaining world peace through its development. Xi has said on a number of occasions that China will do well only when the world does well, and vice versa.
Simon J. Gill, United Seychelles Party whip and National Executive Committee member, said Xi's strategic vision represents an advanced power, as it focuses on people-centered development.
China doesn't care only about itself, and it adopts a win-win approach that delivers tangible benefits to countries, Gill said, adding that Seychelles is also a beneficiary of cooperation with China.
Analyzing the international situation, Xi has said the world is undergoing complex and profound changes unseen in a century as the trend toward multipolarity and economic globalization is surging and a new round of scientific and industrial revolution is in the making, with information technology applications continuing to make progress.
Meanwhile, he said, global economic growth is sluggish, the development gap is widening, armed conflicts occur from time to time, a Cold War mentality and power politics still exist and nonconventional security threats - particularly terrorism, refugee crises, major communicable diseases and climate change - are spreading.
Musa Emmanuel Umar, senior fellow at Nigeria's National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, said Xi's vision presents a road map for the international community to deal with challenges the world is facing.
Xi has emphasized the importance of exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations in building a community with a shared future by citing the ancient Chinese wisdom of "harmony without uniformity".
During Xi's visit to France in March, French President Emmanuel Macron presented him with an original copy in French of An Introduction to the Analects of Confucius, which was published in 1688, as a national gift. It testified to the long-standing cultural bonds between the two nations, which lay a solid foundation for people to deepen their relationships.
Boris Shmelev, director of the Russian Foreign Center at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said Xi's vision presents an opportunity to counter negative factors in international relations, particularly those arising from Washington's "America First" policy.
China emphasizes the importance of upholding international law, and Russia supports its foreign policy, Shmelev said.
翻譯:
中國助力世界構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體
——習(xí)近平外交思想開創(chuàng)中國特色大國外交新局面
編者按:習(xí)近平外交思想是新時(shí)代中國特色大國外交的根本遵循和行動(dòng)指南。中國日?qǐng)?bào)刊發(fā)系列報(bào)道，通過講述故事、評(píng)析理論，深度闡釋習(xí)近平外交思想的國際影響及其為促進(jìn)世界和平和人類共同進(jìn)步的世界意義。
去年6月，布蘭達(dá)？卡祖勒完成在北京大學(xué)南南合作與發(fā)展學(xué)院的碩士學(xué)位課程后返回贊比亞。在她回國時(shí)攜帶的沉重的行李箱里放著一本厚厚的書 ——《習(xí)近平談治國理政》。這位在贊比亞穆欽加省傳統(tǒng)事務(wù)部任職的官員說，這本書對(duì)她來講非常重要，因?yàn)樗龔闹辛私獾街袊l(fā)展背后的密碼以及中國共產(chǎn)黨是如何治理這個(gè)世界人口最多的國家，她要把這本書分享給同事。
《習(xí)近平談治國理政》一書收入了中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平的系列重要講話、演講及其它文獻(xiàn)，集中反映了習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義思想的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)和主要內(nèi)容，生動(dòng)講述了中國之治的偉大實(shí)踐，是幫助外國人更好地理解中國發(fā)展道路和中國對(duì)內(nèi)對(duì)外政策的權(quán)威讀本。特別是黨的十八大以來，以習(xí)近平為核心的黨中央科學(xué)把握世界大勢，積極推進(jìn)外交理論和實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新，開創(chuàng)了中國特色大國外交新局面。
布蘭達(dá)？卡祖勒說，這本書中讓她印象最深刻的是中國的精準(zhǔn)扶貧政策以及習(xí)近平關(guān)于構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的重要論述。她告訴記者，如果說脫貧攻堅(jiān)是解決中國自身的發(fā)展問題，那么構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的宏偉愿景則為實(shí)現(xiàn)世界共同發(fā)展繁榮描繪了藍(lán)圖。她說，因?yàn)槿祟惞蔡幍厍虼澹澜绺鲊\(yùn)與共。
"中國一直致力于推動(dòng)以發(fā)展為中心的減貧經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流，與其它國家一道為實(shí)施聯(lián)合國2030可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程共同努力；中國還積極推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，讓世界各國人民擺脫貧困，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展，" 布蘭達(dá)？卡祖勒說。
2017年1月，習(xí)近平訪問聯(lián)合國日內(nèi)瓦總部時(shí)發(fā)表了題為《共同構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體》的主旨演講。他在演講中就如何構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體貢獻(xiàn)了中國智慧，號(hào)召國際社會(huì)共同努力，建設(shè)持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開放包容、清潔美麗的世界。構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體和構(gòu)建相互尊重、公平正義、合作共贏的新型國際關(guān)系一起成為中國特色大國外交的總體目標(biāo)。
中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院亞太與全球戰(zhàn)略研究院院長李向陽認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)行的全球治理體系客觀上存在著民主赤字、治理赤字，習(xí)近平提出的構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的重要理念為解決現(xiàn)行多邊機(jī)制中存在的問題提供了中國方案。他說，當(dāng)前國際體系正受到單邊主義和保護(hù)主義的挑戰(zhàn)，迫切需要國際社會(huì)按照共商共建共享的原則來完善全球治理體系，構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的理念對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)具有指引意義。
人類命運(yùn)共同體理念強(qiáng)調(diào)要建立互商互諒、平等相待的伙伴關(guān)系，營造公平正義、共建共享的安全格局，謀求開放創(chuàng)新、包容互惠的發(fā)展前景，促進(jìn)和而不同、兼收并蓄的文明交流，構(gòu)筑尊崇自然、綠色發(fā)展的生態(tài)體系。"這五個(gè)方面形成了打造人類命運(yùn)共同體的總布局和總路徑，描繪了國際關(guān)系發(fā)展的美好前景，成為中國特色大國外交理論創(chuàng)新的重大成果，"國務(wù)委員兼外交部長王毅在題為《攜手打造人類命運(yùn)共同體》的文章中寫道。
自習(xí)近平于2013年提出構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體這一重要理念以來，中國一直致力于推動(dòng)這一理念成為具體實(shí)踐。即使某些國家在國際關(guān)系中奉行"零和游戲"、"贏者通吃"的思維模式，中國仍然堅(jiān)持合作共贏才是人間正道。
分析人士指出，當(dāng)一些西方國家在豎起貿(mào)易壁壘的"墻"時(shí)，中國卻在修筑促進(jìn)多邊主義和開放包容發(fā)展的"橋"。中國人民大學(xué)國際關(guān)系學(xué)院教授金燦榮認(rèn)為，新型國際關(guān)系的主要特點(diǎn)是相互尊重、公平正義、合作共贏，與人類命運(yùn)共同體倡導(dǎo)的各國要相互平等、相互尊重、互利合作一脈相承。
中國的"一帶一路"倡議已經(jīng)成為構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的重要平臺(tái)，也是完善全球治理、促進(jìn)不同文明相互理解的新的路徑。截止7月末，136個(gè)國家和30個(gè)國際組織與中國簽訂了共建"一帶一路"合作文件。?
哥倫比亞自由黨總書記安赫爾？桑切斯認(rèn)為，"一帶一路"倡議將參與國的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與中國的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略相結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)高水平、高質(zhì)量的合作，從而提高參與國人民生活水平。他說，這并不意味著要建立一個(gè)以中國為中心的獨(dú)立的集團(tuán)；相反，是在尊重各國差異的同時(shí)尋求共同發(fā)展。
中國清楚地向世界表明，構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體是新時(shí)代促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展的中國方案。習(xí)近平多次指出，世界好中國才能好，中國好世界才更好。塞舌爾聯(lián)合塞舌爾黨黨鞭兼全國執(zhí)委西蒙？吉爾認(rèn)為，習(xí)近平的戰(zhàn)略思想代表了進(jìn)步的力量。他說，中國不僅在關(guān)注自身發(fā)展，還通過互利共贏的合作方式為別的國家?guī)韺?shí)實(shí)在在的利益，塞舌爾也是與中國合作的受益者。
縱觀風(fēng)云變幻的國際形勢，習(xí)近平多次指出，世界正經(jīng)歷百年未有之大變局。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展，新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)革命正在孕育成長；同時(shí)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長乏力，發(fā)展鴻溝日益突出，兵戎相見時(shí)有發(fā)生，冷戰(zhàn)思維和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治陰魂不散，恐怖主義、難民危機(jī)、重大傳染性疾病、氣候變化等非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅持續(xù)蔓延。尼日利亞國家政策和戰(zhàn)略硏究所高級(jí)研究員穆薩？烏馬爾表示，習(xí)近平倡導(dǎo)的構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的理念為國際社會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)今世界面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)制訂了路線圖。
習(xí)近平十分重視不同文明的交流互鑒對(duì)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的重要作用，其思想植根于"和而不同"的中國古老智慧。2019年3月習(xí)近平對(duì)法國進(jìn)行國事訪問時(shí)，法國總統(tǒng)馬克龍向習(xí)近平贈(zèng)送了一本1688年出版的首部《論語導(dǎo)讀》法文版原著作為國禮。這份國禮見證中法文化交流源遠(yuǎn)流長，是兩國人民深情厚誼的重要體現(xiàn)。
俄羅斯科學(xué)院經(jīng)濟(jì)所俄羅斯外交政策中心主任鮑里斯？舒梅列夫表示，習(xí)近平的構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的理念為應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前國際關(guān)系中的一些消極因素，特別是為應(yīng)對(duì)美國政府"美國優(yōu)先"政策所帶來的負(fù)面影響提供了契機(jī)。他說，中國重視維護(hù)國際法和國際秩序，俄羅斯支持中國的外交政策。
代表作2:
原文:
Xi calls for expansion of global partnerships
By CAO DESHENG
Belt and Road Initiative cited as prime tool for nation to help others develop
Editor's note: Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is the fundamental guideline for China's diplomatic work in the new era. China Daily is publishing a series of stories to examine how Xi's proposals have become internationally accepted and made great contributions to world peace and human progress.
When Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte visited China recently — his fifth visit since taking office in 2016 — President Xi Jinping received him at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing and referred to him as "my old friend".
Although differences over the South China Sea remain, the relationship between China and the Philippines has ticked upward in the past three years.
Duterte told Xi he stands ready to work with him to push forward the robust development of the China-Philippines comprehensive strategic partnership for mutual benefit and win-win results. The partnership was established in November last year when Xi made a state visit to the southeast Asian nation.
The Philippines is one example of the partnership diplomacy China uses to strengthen relationships with its neighbors. It is a friendly style that features amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness.
With the spirit of partnership in mind, Xi has guided the nation to build friendly relations with various countries by expanding the convergence of interests with them, said Yang Jiechi, a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and director of the committee's Foreign Affairs Commission office, in a signed article in the most recent issue of the Qiushi Journal, the committee's flagship magazine.
Acting on Xi's Thought on Diplomacy, China has been expanding its all-around strategic posture in foreign relations and is striving to develop global partnerships, Yang said.
As of June, China had forged partnerships with 110 countries and regional organizations in various forms, including 60 comprehensive strategic partnerships, the Foreign Ministry said.
Besides neighborly relations and partnerships with developing countries, China also emphasizes connections with major countries.
As part of its effort to develop major-country relationships, China has been working to intensify its comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination with Russia; advance the China-US relationship based on coordination, cooperation and stability; and build the China-EU partnership for peace, growth, reform and civilization, Yang said.
It also strives to build a framework for major-country relations featuring overall stability and balanced development, he added.
In addition, China has made consistent efforts to support and develop strategic partnerships with Latin American and Middle Eastern countries, and continues to enhance unity and cooperation with emerging markets and developing countries to build up positive forces for peace and development.
Xi proposed the idea of developing global partnerships in November 2014 at the Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs. At the meeting, he underlined the need for China to make more friends while abiding by the principle of nonalignment and to build a global network of partners.
The idea has been frequently mentioned by Xi on international occasions ever since. At the Group of 20 Summit in June in Osaka, Japan, Xi called on members to uphold the partnership spirit and resolve differences properly.
"Given the different development stages of G20 members, it is only natural that we may have diverging interests and views on some issues," Xi said. "The important thing is to always promote partnership and treat each other with respect and trust, and in that spirit engage in consultation as equals, manage differences while seeking common ground and build greater consensus."
Zhou Fangyin, a China foreign policy researcher at the Guangdong Institute for International Strategies, said developing global partnerships is China's peaceful approach to the pursuit of development in the existing international system.
Different from alignment, which some countries seek as way of boosting alliances and security, Zhou said, China's partnership diplomacy pursues all-around cooperation in such areas as economy, politics, diplomacy and security.
Partnership is crucially significant for addressing the common challenges facing the world, given the rise of unilateralism and protectionism, he said.
To build a global network of partners, China proposed a new type of international relations underpinned by mutual respect, fairness, justice and win-win cooperation. It put forward and followed a policy of upholding justice and pursuing shared interests and championed a new vision featuring common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, he said.
Wang Lian, a professor at the School of International Studies at Peking University, said China is firm in its resolve that all countries, regardless of their size, strength or level of development, are equal members of the international community, and it supports the multilateral system, which has the United Nations at the core.
This position reflects the universal consensus of most countries in the world, and conforms to the common interests of the international community, Wang said.
He said China has made consistent efforts to improve the global partnership network with a view toward working with other countries to strive for shared, sustainable, win-win development through joint contributions, which in turn will lead to development opportunities for all.
China's emphasis
Developing countries have long been China's stated priority in promoting global partnerships. In a speech at the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly in September last year, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi said strengthening cooperation and solidarity with developing countries has been, and will continue to be, a firm strategic priority in China's diplomacy.
"No matter how strong China has become, and no matter how the international landscape may change, this strategic priority will remain unchanged," Wang said.
Through multilateral platforms such as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, BRICS, the Forum of China and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, China has been endeavoring to develop closer partnerships with developing countries.
At the FOCAC Beijing Summit in 2018, Xi announced the eight major initiatives for partnerships with African countries, which focused on industrial promotion, trade facilitation and infrastructure connectivity.
Desta Tesfaw, an Ethiopian student who completed his doctoral program at Peking University's Institute of South-South Cooperation and Development, said that in the current highly globalized world, China's current and future development has direct and indirect effects on the progress of other developing countries.
In September 2015, Xi announced that China would set up the South-South institute during the High-Level Roundtable on South-South Cooperation to share the experience of China and other developing countries and to advance and ultimately realize the goal of sustainable development by 2030.
"We appreciate China's exemplary and elder brother's role in South-South cooperation and development, which is guided by the principles of mutual benefit, solidarity and equality," Tesfaw said.
Abdullah Ahmed Al Saleh, undersecretary for Foreign Trade and Industry of the Ministry of Economy of the United Arab Emirates, attended the fourth China-Arab States Expo, which was held last week in Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region.
He told Xinhua during the expo that there is huge potential for China and Arab states to cooperate in science and technology, with the rapid development of state-of-the-art technologies such as 5G, AI, blockchain and the internet of things.
"This is in line with the interests of both sides," he said. "It helps open up new markets for Chinese commodities and also contributes to the implementation of Arab states' own development plans."
China-Arab economic and trade cooperation has gained steam in recent years. Last year, bilateral trade volume reached $244.3 billion, jumping 28 percent year-on-year, according to the Ministry of Commerce.
The Belt and Road Initiative has been a platform for China to build global partnerships, as it has been well-accepted by many countries since it was proposed by Xi in 2013. As of July, 136 countries and 30 international organizations had signed cooperation agreements with China on Belt and Road projects.
Khikmatullo Kudratov, a scholar from Tajikistan, said the BRI can be a major breakthrough for the developing countries to become closer to the world market and increase their trade volume.
China has assured the world that it will continue to expand global partnerships through the BRI.
Xi told participants at the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation: "Either in good times or bad, either on a smooth road or a thorny path, we will uphold the spirit of partnership. ... For we all believe that our people deserve a better world, and Belt and Road cooperation will make the world a better place."
翻譯:
習(xí)近平打造全球伙伴關(guān)系網(wǎng)
——"一帶一路"倡議已經(jīng)成為深化國際合作的重要實(shí)踐平臺(tái)
編者按:習(xí)近平外交思想是新時(shí)代中國特色大國外交的根本遵循和行動(dòng)指南。中國日?qǐng)?bào)刊發(fā)系列報(bào)道，通過講述故事、評(píng)析理論，深度闡釋習(xí)近平外交思想的國際影響及其為促進(jìn)世界和平和人類共同進(jìn)步的世界意義。
菲律賓總統(tǒng)杜特爾特近日對(duì)中國進(jìn)行訪問，這是他2016年就任總統(tǒng)后第五次訪華之旅。抵達(dá)北京后，杜特爾特受到國家主席習(xí)近平熱情款待，兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在北京釣魚臺(tái)國賓館會(huì)談時(shí)，習(xí)近平親切地稱杜特爾特為"我的老朋友"。
中菲盡管在南海問題上有分歧，兩國關(guān)系在杜特爾特就任總統(tǒng)后的三年多時(shí)間里重回正軌并穩(wěn)步提升。在會(huì)談中，杜特爾特說，他愿與習(xí)近平經(jīng)常見面，加強(qiáng)溝通，共同推動(dòng)兩國全面戰(zhàn)略合作關(guān)系持續(xù)強(qiáng)勁發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏。去年11月習(xí)近平對(duì)菲律賓進(jìn)行國事訪問時(shí)，兩國關(guān)系定位提升至全面戰(zhàn)略合作關(guān)系。
中菲全面戰(zhàn)略合作關(guān)系是中國打造伙伴關(guān)系網(wǎng)、深化周邊外交的一個(gè)典范。中國堅(jiān)持以深化外交布局為依托打造全球伙伴關(guān)系，按照親誠惠容理念和與鄰為善、以鄰為伴的周邊外交方針加強(qiáng)同周邊國家睦鄰友好關(guān)系。
中共中央政治局委員、中央外事辦公室主任楊潔篪在2019年第17期《求是》雜志撰文表示，習(xí)近平著眼各國相互依存日益加深的大趨勢，帶領(lǐng)中國協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)與不同類型國家關(guān)系全面發(fā)展，擴(kuò)大中國同各方利益交匯點(diǎn)，完善國家對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略布局。文章指出，在習(xí)近平外交思想的指引下，中國深化拓展對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略全方位布局，打造全球伙伴關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)。據(jù)外交部消息，截止6月，中國已與世界上110個(gè)國家和地區(qū)組織建立了不同形式的伙伴關(guān)系，其中全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系達(dá)60對(duì)。
在深化睦鄰友好關(guān)系和與發(fā)展中國家的伙伴關(guān)系的同時(shí)，中國著也力運(yùn)籌大國關(guān)系，形成全方位、多層次、立體化的全球伙伴關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)，打造遍及全球的"朋友圈"。楊潔篪表示，在推動(dòng)發(fā)展大國關(guān)系方面，中國深入發(fā)展中俄新時(shí)代全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系，堅(jiān)定主張推進(jìn)以協(xié)調(diào)、合作、穩(wěn)定為基調(diào)的中美關(guān)系，積極打造中歐和平、增長、改革、文明四大伙伴關(guān)系，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建總體穩(wěn)定、均衡發(fā)展的大國關(guān)系框架。此外，中國還大力支持和發(fā)展中拉、中阿戰(zhàn)略合作，不斷增進(jìn)同新興市場國家和發(fā)展中國家的團(tuán)結(jié)合作，鞏固壯大和平發(fā)展的積極力量。
2014年11月，習(xí)近平在中央外事工作會(huì)議上提出，要在堅(jiān)持不結(jié)盟原則的前提下廣交朋友，形成遍布全球的伙伴關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)。此后，他在公開場合多次提及"全球伙伴關(guān)系"這一關(guān)鍵詞。在6月份舉行的二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人大阪峰會(huì)上，習(xí)近平號(hào)召二十國集團(tuán)成員要堅(jiān)持伙伴精神，妥善處理分歧。他說:"二十國集團(tuán)成員處在不同發(fā)展階段， 在一些問題上存在利益差異和觀點(diǎn)分歧很正常，關(guān)鍵是要本著相互尊重、相互信任態(tài)度，平等協(xié)商、求同存異、管控分歧、擴(kuò)大共識(shí)。"
廣東國際戰(zhàn)略研究院資深研究員周方銀認(rèn)為，打造全球伙伴關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)是中國以和平的方式在國際體系中崛起的一種路徑探索。他說，與側(cè)重安全合作的聯(lián)盟外交不同，中國倡導(dǎo)的伙伴關(guān)系可以是安全合作，也可以是經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、外交等方面的合作； 在單邊主義、保護(hù)主義抬頭的背景下，構(gòu)建伙伴關(guān)系對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)全球面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)具有重要意義。周方銀表示，中國提出推動(dòng)建設(shè)相互尊重、公平正義、合作共贏的新型國際關(guān)系，在對(duì)外交往中維護(hù)公平正義、追求互利共贏，倡導(dǎo)共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的安全觀，這些都成為中國構(gòu)建全球伙伴關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的理論和實(shí)踐支撐。
北京大學(xué)國際關(guān)系學(xué)院教授王聯(lián)認(rèn)為，中國堅(jiān)持國家不分大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富一律平等，支持以聯(lián)合國為代表的多邊機(jī)制，這反映了世界上大多數(shù)國家的普遍期待，符合國際社會(huì)的共同利益。他說，中國不斷完善全球伙伴關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)，希望與世界各國一道實(shí)現(xiàn)共建、共有、共享、共贏的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，必將為國際社會(huì)帶來前所未有的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。
發(fā)展中國家是中國構(gòu)建全球伙伴關(guān)系的中堅(jiān)力量。國務(wù)委員兼外交部長王毅在去年9月舉行的第73屆聯(lián)合國大會(huì)上發(fā)表演講時(shí)表示，無論過去、現(xiàn)在和將來，加強(qiáng)與廣大發(fā)展中國家的團(tuán)結(jié)合作，始終是中國外交堅(jiān)定不移的戰(zhàn)略選擇。"這是由中國的國家定位、制度屬性和價(jià)值取向所決定的，不會(huì)因?yàn)橹袊陨淼陌l(fā)展發(fā)生任何改變，也不會(huì)因?yàn)閲H風(fēng)云的變幻出現(xiàn)絲毫動(dòng)搖。"
中國一直致力于通過中非合作論壇、金磚國家合作機(jī)制、中國-拉共體論壇、中阿合作論壇等多邊平臺(tái)加強(qiáng)與發(fā)展中國家的伙伴關(guān)系。在2018年中非合作論壇北京峰會(huì)上，習(xí)近平宣布中非合作"八大行動(dòng)"，重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)與非洲國家在包括產(chǎn)業(yè)促進(jìn)、設(shè)施聯(lián)通以及貿(mào)易便利等方面的合作。
北京大學(xué)南南合作與發(fā)展學(xué)院的埃塞俄比亞籍博士畢業(yè)生戴斯塔？特斯福認(rèn)為，在一個(gè)高度全球化的世界里，中國的發(fā)展不管是現(xiàn)在還是未來都會(huì)給其它發(fā)展中國家?guī)碇苯踊蜷g接的影響。南南合作與發(fā)展學(xué)院是習(xí)近平2015年9月在紐約聯(lián)合國總部出席并主持南南合作圓桌會(huì)時(shí)宣布設(shè)立的，旨在與發(fā)展中國家分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)，推動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。戴斯塔？特斯福說:"我們很感激中國在促進(jìn)以互利、團(tuán)結(jié)、平等為原則的南南合作中所發(fā)揮的示范和引領(lǐng)作用。"
阿聯(lián)酋經(jīng)濟(jì)部副部長阿卜杜拉·薩利赫于上周參加了在銀川舉行的第四屆中國-阿拉伯國家博覽會(huì)。薩利赫在接受記者采訪時(shí)表示，隨著5G、人工智能、區(qū)塊鏈、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，中國和阿拉伯國家科技合作具有巨大潛力。"中阿合作是互利的，一方面有助于為中國產(chǎn)品開拓市場；另一方面，也可以幫助阿拉伯國家實(shí)施自己的發(fā)展計(jì)劃。"商務(wù)部數(shù)據(jù)顯示，近年來，中阿經(jīng)貿(mào)合作保持著良好勢頭；2018年，中阿雙邊貿(mào)易額達(dá)2443億美元，同比增長28%。
"一帶一路"倡議已經(jīng)成為中國打造全球伙伴關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的實(shí)踐平臺(tái)，受到許多國家的好評(píng)。截止7月份，136個(gè)國家和30個(gè)國際組織與中國簽訂了共建"一帶一路"合作文件。塔吉克斯坦學(xué)者庫多拉托夫認(rèn)為，"一帶一路"倡議為發(fā)展中國家與世界市場建立更緊密的關(guān)系，從而提升貿(mào)易水平提供了可能。
中國向世界表明，將繼續(xù)通過共建"一帶一路"開拓全球伙伴關(guān)系。習(xí)近平在第二屆"一帶一路"國際合作高峰論壇上發(fā)表主旨演講時(shí)指出，"無論是順境還是逆境，無論前方是坦途還是荊棘，我們都要弘揚(yáng)伙伴精神，不忘合作初心，堅(jiān)定不移前進(jìn)。我們都應(yīng)該抱有這樣一個(gè)信念:各國人民都應(yīng)該擁有一個(gè)更加美好的未來，共建‘一帶一路’一定會(huì)迎來一個(gè)更加美好的世界。"
代表作3:
原文:
Nation riding tide of changes in world order
By CAO DESHENG
China expected to play bigger role in global governance, multilateral system
Editor’s note: Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is the fundamental guideline for China’s diplomatic work in the new era. China Daily is publishing a series of stories to examine how Xi’s proposals have become internationally accepted and made great contributions to world peace and human progress.
The world is facing challenges arising from the weakening role of international law and global governance. The United Nations is now "at a hard time" as its functions are being crippled. China can play a bigger part in strengthening the role of the international body.
These are key points Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev made in a speech at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing when he paid his first state visit to China last month.
Tokayev voiced his concerns over the current international situation, which, as was described by President Xi Jinping on many occasions, is undergoing profound and complex changes not seen in a century.
Xi said at the Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs in June last year that the world is undergoing the most profound and unprecedented changes in a century.
One month later, Xi told business leaders at the BRICS Business Forum held in Johannesburg, South Africa, that the next decade will see faster changes in the international landscape and the international alignment of forces as well as a profound reshaping of the global governance system.
This is because a new round of revolution and transformation in science, technology and industries featuring artificial intelligence, big data, quantum information and biotechnology is gaining momentum, and the collective rise of emerging markets and developing countries will make global development more balanced and global peace more firmly based, Xi said at the forum.
However, he warned that, as unilateralism and protectionism are mounting, the international community has reached a new crossroads as "we are facing a choice between cooperation and confrontation, between opening-up and a closed-door policy and between mutual benefit and a beggar-thy-neighbor approach".
Xi's judgment about today's world reveals how China would respond to and guide the changes in the world pattern, said Yang Jiechi, a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, in a signed article in Qiushi, the flagship journal of the CPC Central Committee.
Yang, also director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, said in the article that China has been actively offering its wisdom and solutions to guide the reform of the global governance system amid ongoing changes.
With promoting world peace and international cooperation in mind, Xi has been endeavoring to use multilateral platforms — such as the Group of 20 Summit, APEC Leaders' Informal Meeting, the United Nations General Assembly and the World Economic Forum — to advocate China's propositions on improving global governance.
The most important vision he proposed is building a community with a shared future for mankind, which is being increasingly accepted worldwide. In February 2017, the phrase was for the first time incorporated into a UN resolution by the 55th UN Commission for Social Development.
It has also been adopted by the UN Security Council, the Human Rights Council and the First Committee of the UN General Assembly, thus turning the Chinese concept into an international consensus.
Xi made it clear on various occasions that China follows the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration in engaging in global governance, stands for democracy in international relations, maintains that all countries — big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor — are equal, and supports developing countries having broader representation and a bigger say in international affairs.
"We are deeply involved in international cooperation on climate change, antiterrorism and upholding cybersecurity, (we) earnestly fulfill relevant international obligations and responsibilities and have made tremendous contributions to dealing with common global challenges," Yang said.
In a recent interview with Xinhua News Agency, Portuguese Communist Party General Secretary Jeronimo de Sousa spoke highly of China's defense of the UN and international law.
As some Western powers ignore and disregard the norms of international law, he stressed the importance of "action to affirm and respect the principles enshrined in the UN Charter, negotiated resolutions of international conflicts and the defense of world peace.
He said that while seeking its own development, China is actively promoting international trade and economic cooperation to develop equitable and mutually beneficial relations between the countries around the world.
During his state visit to France in March, Xi proposed the vision of global governance featuring extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits at a global governance forum attended by leaders including French President Emmanuel Macron, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker.
He called for addressing the governance deficit on the principle that global affairs should be settled by the peoples of various countries through consultations, highlighting the importance of advancing the democratization of the global governance system.
Xi's propositions of the new development philosophy call for innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared economic growth. They also call for common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security as part of his contributions to the theories of global governance, said Vice-Foreign Minister Le Yucheng in a recent interview with The Paper.
Actions speak louder than words when China participates in global governance, Le said, adding that China is the second-largest financial contributor to UN peacekeeping missions and is also the largest troop contributor among the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.
Belt and Road Initiative
In recent years, China intensified its concrete efforts to participate in global governance by initiating platforms for international cooperation such as the Belt and Road Initiative, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund.
By the end of August, 136 countries and 36 international organizations had signed cooperation documents with China on jointly building the Belt and Road. Since it started operations in January 2016, the AIIB has now grown to 100 approved members worldwide.
He Yafei, former vice-foreign minister and now a senior researcher at Renmin University of China's Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, said in an article published in the Global Times that the BRI is an important part of the solutions China contributes to the world in dealing with the changing international landscape and innovating global governance.
High-quality construction of the Belt and Road will help boost new development of globalization with free trade being its foundation while strengthening the development of infrastructure facilities in developing countries, He said.
Though suffering difficulties and setbacks in recent years, the global governance process led by the UN is still ongoing. However, the voices of reform in the UN and other mechanisms of the global governance system such as the World Trade Organization are on the rise.
Pang Zhongying, an international relations professor at Ocean University of China's Institute of Marine Development, said the pullback of the United States from international organizations and treaties has weakened and even damaged the existing global governance system. However, countries including China and other emerging markets are striving to improve and consolidate the system.
The country remains committed to upholding the postwar global governance system. In the meantime, it supports necessary reforms of some mechanisms such as the WTO, Pang said.
翻譯:
國際形勢風(fēng)云激蕩 中國外交乘風(fēng)破浪
——國際社會(huì)期待中國在全球治理和多邊體系中發(fā)揮更大作用
編者按:習(xí)近平外交思想是新時(shí)代中國特色大國外交的根本遵循和行動(dòng)指南。中國日?qǐng)?bào)刊發(fā)系列報(bào)道，通過講述故事、評(píng)析理論，深度闡釋習(xí)近平外交思想的國際影響及其為促進(jìn)世界和平和人類共同進(jìn)步的世界意義。
哈薩克斯坦總統(tǒng)托卡耶夫于上個(gè)月對(duì)中國進(jìn)行了首次國事訪問，其中一個(gè)重要的行程是在中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院發(fā)表演講。除了高度評(píng)價(jià)中哈關(guān)系，他在演講中對(duì)國際局勢發(fā)表了自己的見解。
托卡耶夫?qū)Ξ?dāng)前國際形勢深表擔(dān)憂，認(rèn)為世界正在經(jīng)歷前所未有的復(fù)雜深刻的變化。他指出，當(dāng)今世界面臨重重挑戰(zhàn)，國際法和全球治理的作用被弱化，聯(lián)合國正面臨"艱難時(shí)刻"，"中國能夠在增強(qiáng)這一國際組織的作用上扮演更加重要的角色"。
托卡耶夫的擔(dān)憂與中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平對(duì)當(dāng)前國際形勢的分析不謀而合。在去年6月召開的中央外事工作會(huì)議上，習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào)指出，世界正經(jīng)歷百年未有之大變局。一個(gè)月之后，在出席南非約翰內(nèi)斯堡舉行的金磚國家工商論壇時(shí)，習(xí)近平向金磚國家工商界領(lǐng)袖發(fā)表演講指出，未來10年，將是國際格局和力量對(duì)比加速演變的10年，將是全球治理體系深刻重塑的10年。他說，人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)、量子信息、生物技術(shù)等新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革正在積聚力量，催生大量新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式；新興市場國家和發(fā)展中國家群體性崛起勢不可當(dāng)，將使全球發(fā)展的版圖更加全面均衡，使世界和平的基礎(chǔ)更為堅(jiān)實(shí)穩(wěn)固。"然而，單邊主義、保護(hù)主義愈演愈烈，多邊主義和多邊貿(mào)易體制受到嚴(yán)重沖擊。要合作還是要對(duì)立，要開放還是要封閉，要互利共贏還是要以鄰為壑，國際社會(huì)再次來到何去何從的十字路口。"
"習(xí)近平總書記的重要論斷，深刻揭示了什么是世界百年未有之大變局以及如何塑造和引領(lǐng)這場大變局，"中共中央政治局委員、中央外事辦公室主任楊潔篪在2019年第17期《求是》雜志發(fā)表的署名文章中寫道。文章指出，中國"積極提供中國智慧和中國方案，深入引領(lǐng)全球治理體系變革"。
習(xí)近平本著"以天下為己任"的情懷和擔(dān)當(dāng)，在亞太經(jīng)合組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會(huì)議、聯(lián)合國大會(huì)、二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)、達(dá)沃斯世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇年會(huì)等多邊場合發(fā)表重要講話，提出一系列攸關(guān)人類發(fā)展和世界前途命運(yùn)的重大倡議和主張，為世界發(fā)展與國際合作把脈引航。其中，構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的重要理念更是受到國際社會(huì)的高度評(píng)價(jià)和熱烈響應(yīng)，產(chǎn)生了廣泛而深遠(yuǎn)的國際影響。2017年2月，聯(lián)合國社會(huì)發(fā)展委員會(huì)第55屆會(huì)議一致通過"非洲發(fā)展新伙伴關(guān)系的社會(huì)層面"決議，"構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體"理念首次被寫入聯(lián)合國決議中。 這一理念后來還被寫入聯(lián)合國人權(quán)理事會(huì)決議和聯(lián)合國大會(huì)的安全決議中。從理念到共識(shí)，彰顯了中國方案對(duì)全球治理的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。
習(xí)近平多次強(qiáng)調(diào)，中國秉持共商共建共享的全球治理觀, 堅(jiān)持國家不分大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富一律平等, 支持?jǐn)U大發(fā)展中國家在國際事務(wù)中的代表性和發(fā)言權(quán)。"我們深入?yún)⑴c應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、反恐、維護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全等領(lǐng)域國際合作，認(rèn)真履行相關(guān)國際責(zé)任和義務(wù)，為應(yīng)對(duì)全球共同挑戰(zhàn)作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，"楊潔篪在《求是》雜志發(fā)表的署名文章中寫道。
葡萄牙共產(chǎn)黨總書記熱羅尼莫？德索薩近日接受新華社采訪時(shí)高度評(píng)價(jià)中國在維護(hù)國際法和加強(qiáng)聯(lián)合國的作用所做的努力。他說，在一些西方大國蔑視甚至踐踏國際法原則的背景下，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)尊重聯(lián)合國憲章的宗旨和原則、通過磋商解決國際爭端、維護(hù)世界和平變得尤為重要。"中國在尋求自己發(fā)展的同時(shí)，還積極促進(jìn)國際經(jīng)貿(mào)合作，與世界其它國家發(fā)展平等互利的關(guān)系。"
習(xí)近平在今年3月份對(duì)法國進(jìn)行國事訪問期間，與法國總統(tǒng)馬克龍、德國總理默克爾和歐盟委員會(huì)主席容克一道出席了中法全球治理論壇閉幕式并發(fā)表重要講話。他在講話中指出，要堅(jiān)持共商共建共享的全球治理觀；堅(jiān)持公正合理，破解治理赤字；堅(jiān)持全球事務(wù)由各國人民商量著辦，積極推進(jìn)全球治理規(guī)則民主化。
外交部副部長樂玉成向媒體表示，習(xí)近平提出的"創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享"的新發(fā)展觀以及"共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)"的新安全觀、正確義利觀等都是對(duì)全球治理的重大理論貢獻(xiàn)。他說，"中國參與全球治理，不是說出來的，而是干出來的。中國已經(jīng)是聯(lián)合國第二大會(huì)費(fèi)國和維和攤款國，中國也是安理會(huì)常任理事國中派出維和人員最多的國家。"
近年來，中國積極參與全球治理，通過"一帶一路"倡議、亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行、絲路基金等平臺(tái)加強(qiáng)國際合作。截止8月底，136個(gè)國家和36個(gè)國際組織同中國簽訂了共建"一帶一路"合作文件。自2016年1月正式運(yùn)營以來，亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行會(huì)員國已經(jīng)超過100個(gè)。
外交部前副部長、中國人民大學(xué)重陽金融研究院高級(jí)研究員何亞非撰文指出，面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻的全球挑戰(zhàn)，"一帶一路"倡議是中國提出的積極應(yīng)對(duì)大變局大變化、創(chuàng)新全球治理體系的"中國方案"中的重要組成部分。"高質(zhì)量建設(shè)‘一帶一路’將在補(bǔ)好發(fā)展中國家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不足短板的同時(shí)，有效推動(dòng)區(qū)域和世界以自由貿(mào)易為根本的全球化新發(fā)展。"
近年來，聯(lián)合國主導(dǎo)的主要全球治理進(jìn)程盡管遭遇挫折，仍在困難中繼續(xù)前行。關(guān)于對(duì)聯(lián)合國和世界貿(mào)易組織等全球治理體系機(jī)制的改革和完善的呼聲也在高漲。中國海洋大學(xué)海洋發(fā)展研究院院長龐中英認(rèn)為，美國近年來的"退群"舉動(dòng)弱化乃至破壞了現(xiàn)有全球治理體系的作用。他說，中國和新興市場國家仍然致力于在為完善和鞏固現(xiàn)有國際體系而努力；同時(shí)，中國也主張對(duì)世貿(mào)組織進(jìn)行必要的改革。
